Sustainable Sites Credit 5.1

Site Development

Protect or Restore Habitat

Intent

Conserve existing natural areas and restore damaged areas to provide habitat and promote biodiversity.

Requirements

On greenfield sites, limit all site disturbance to 40 feet beyond the building perimeter; 10 feet beyond surface walkways, patios, surface parking and utilities less than 12 inches in diameter; 15 feet beyond primary roadway curbs and main utility branch trenches; and 25 feet beyond constructed areas with permeable surfaces (such as pervious paving areas, stormwater detention facilitities and playing fields) tat require additional stafing areas in order to limit compaction in the constructed area.

Greenfield sites are those that are not previously developed or graded and remain in a natural state. Previously developed sites are those that previously contained buildingsings, roadways, parking lots, or were graded or altered by direct human activities.

OR

On previously developed or graded sites, restore or protect a minimum of 50% of the site area (excluding the building footprint) with native or adapted vegetation. Native/adapted plants are plants indigenous to a locality or cultivars of native plants that are adapted to the local climate and are not considered invasive species or noxious weeds.

Projects earning SS Credit 2 and using vegetated roof surfaces may apply the vegetated roof surface to this calculation (if the plants meet the definition of native/adapted), in which case the requirement is 20% of the total site are (including building footprint). This option is intended for urban sites with little or no building setback (i.e. zero-lot-line).

Visit our website www.kwhdesign.net

Sustainable Sites Credit 4.4

Alternative Transportation
Parking Capacity

Intent

Reduce pollution and land development impacts from single occupancy vehicle use.

Requirements

Option 1 - Non-Residential

Size parking capacity to not exceed minimum local zoning requirements, AND, provide preferred parking for carpools or vanpools for 5% of the total provided parking spaces.

OR

Option 2 - Non-Residential

For projects that provide parking for less than 5% of FTE building occupants:

Provide preferred parking for carpools or vanpools, marked as such, for 5% of total provided parking spaces.

OR

Option 3 - Residential

Size parking capacity to not exceed minimum local zoning requirements, AND, provide infrastructure and support programs to facilitate shared vehicle usage such as carpool drop-off areas, designated parking for vanpools, or car-share services, ride boards, and shuttle services to mass transit.

OR 

Option 4 - ALL

Provide no new parking.

"Preferred parking" refers to the parking spots that are closest to the main entrance of the project (exclusive of space designated for handicapped) or parking passes provided at a discounted price.

When parking minimums are not defined by relevant local zoning requirements, or when there are no local zoning requirements, either:

A) Meet the requirements of Portland, Oregon, Zoning Code: Title 33, Chapter 33.266 (Parking and Loading)

OR, if this standard is not appropriate for the building type,

B) Install 25% less parking than the building type's average listed in the Institute of Transportation Engineers' Parking Generation study, 3rd Edition.

Potential Technologies & Strategies

Minimize parking lot/garage size. Consider sharing parking facilities with adjacent buildings. Consider alternatives that will limit the use of single occupancy vehicles.

For us, only option 3 could work. This suits the project and provides motivation to expand ride sharing amenities for residents. We envision a carpool, vanpool porte cochere where people can get in and out of vehicles under cover of a roof with an indoor waiting area with views to the drop-off lane and a ride sharing board. Perhaps the innovative gesture here is to encourage the integration of the able-bodied residents with those requiring assistance and get people who are not disabled to use ride sharing too. The ride sharing could include scheduling DART pick-ups for the disabled and dedicated zipcar spots and incentives for other residents to share rides. A privacy decision will need to be made to include or exclude neighbors in a zip car spot.

Sustainable Sites Credit 4.3

Alternative Transportation
Low-Emission & Fuel-Efficient VehiclesThat's not a yellow coiled power line, it's compressed natural gas (CNG)!

The images above are of an appliance that compresses gas from a regular plumbed gas line that you would use to cook with or run a gas furnace, and fills the tank of your vehicle. This appliance requires venting or it can be placed outdoors. Vandalism would be a concern for us if mounted outdoors.

Intent:

Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use.

Requirements:

Option 1: Provide low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles for 3% of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) occupants AND provide preferred parking for these vehicles.

OR

Option 2: Provide preferred parking for low emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles for 5% of the total vehicle parking capacity of the site.

OR

Option 3: Install alternative-fuel refueling stations for 3% of the total vehicle parking capacity of the site (liquid or gaseous fueling facilities must be separately ventilated or located outdoors).

For the purposes of this credit, low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles are defined as vehicles that are either classified as Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEV) by the California Air Resources Board or have achieved a minimum green score of 40 on the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE) annual vehicle rating guide.

"Preferred parking" refers to the parking spots that are closest to the main entrance of the project (exclusive of spaces designated for handicapped) or parking passes provided at a discounted price.

Potential Technologies & Strategies

Provide transportation amenities such as alternative fuel refueling stations. Consider sharing the costs and benefits of refueling stations with neighbors.

Sustainable Sites Credit 4.2

Alternative Transportation

Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms

1 POINT - Bicycle Racks for 15% or more of residents

We can pick up another point simply by providing covered, secure bicycle storage for 15% or more of the residents.

This is the text from the USGBC:

Intent

Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use.

Requirements

Form commercial or institutional buildings, provide secure bicycle racks and/or storage (within 200 yards of a building entrance) for 5% or more of all building users (measured at peak periods), AND, provide shower and chaning facilities in the building, or within 200 yards of a building entrance, for 0.5% of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) occupants.

OR

For residential buildings provide covered storage facilities for securing 15% or more of building occupants in lieu of changing/shower facilities.

Too bad there aren't any bikes in the image above taken at the Timberglen LEED certified public library. The library is new... but then again, maybe there are avid bike riders that patronize that library.

It may be easier to think of the quotas like this. For commercial projects you should provide 5 spots on a bike rack for every 100 people. And for shower facilities, you need 1 shower for every 10 of those 5 spots that you provide. For residential projects it's a minimum of 15 bikes spot per 100 residents.

Sustainable Sites Credit 4.1

Alternative Transportation

Public Transportation Access

LEED NC 2.2

Sustainable Sites - credit 4.1 - Alternative Transportation - Public Transportation Access

We meet the criteria for (2) points under this public transportation access credit. the first point is locating the project within 1/2 mile of a planned and funded light rail station. Dallas' Green Line station at JB Jackson Transit Center has platforms under construction 0.24 miles from the project site, exceeding the 0.50 mile requirement. The photograph below shows the platforms at the new MLK Green Line station scheduled to open September, 2009.

1 Point - Fixed Rail within 1/2 Mile

The following text is the USGBC requirement for SS Credit 4.1 Alternative Transportation - Public Transportation Access:

Public Transportation Access

Intent

Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use

Requirements

Locate pollution project within 1/2 mile of an existing - or planned and funded - commuter rail, light rail or subway station.

OR

Locate project within 1/4 mile of one or more stops for two or more public or campus bus lines usable by building occupants.

Potential Technologies & Strategies

Perform a transportation survey of the future building occupants to identify transportation needs. Site the building near mass transit.

Exemplary Performance

Projects may be awarded one innovation point for Exemplary performance in alternative transportation, SS credit 4, by instituting a comprehensive transportation management plan that demonstrates a quantifiable reduction in personal automobile use through the implementation of multiple alternative options.

The guiding goal is to quadruple ridership of mass transit. The minimum requirements are:

Locate the project within 1/2 mile of at least two existing commuter rail, light rail or subway lines, OR locate project within 1/4 mile of at least two or more stops for four or more public or campus bus lines usable by the building occupants;

AND

Frequency of service must be such that at least 200 transit rides per day are available in total at these stops. A combination of rail and bus is allowable.

1 Point - Exemplary Performance

Sustainable Sites Credit 3

Brownfield Redevelopment

Fortunately our site does not qualify for credit under this provision of LEED NC 2.2 (The LEED rating system for New Construction & Major Renovation is often abbreviated as LEED NC and '2.2' is the current edition that all new projects will fall under until the new edition is released in late 2009). It is however a good incentive to develop Brownfield sites.

There is an ASTM standard for documenting the contamination of Brownfield sites, ASTM E1903-97 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment. If the site in question has already been designated as a brownfield site by local, state or federal government agencies then an ASTM documentation of the site will not be necessary.

Sustainable Sites Credit 2

Development Density

& Community Connectivity

Development Density & Community Connectivity allows you to earn points for density by locating your project in an area of two story buildings or with a quota of community services like banks and restaurants nearby.

To earn the first point your project site can meet either the density option or the connectivity option, but to be eligible for an additional point for exemplary performance under the innovation category, your site must first meet the density option.

Option 1 - Development Density

With an average density of 4450 SF of buildings per acre of properties within a 553 foot radius, our site does not meet the density threshold of 60,000 SF/acre.

The radius of the area to study is determined from area of the selected project site. The average density is calculated by summing the areas of buildings (in square feet) and dividing by the land area (in acres).

Community Connectivity

Option 2 - Community Connectivity

To earn one point under Sustainable Sites Credit 2 - Option 2 - Community Connectivity, the project site must contain residential zone properties and 10 community resources with a half-mile radius. The residential properties must be zoned for residential development of 10 units per acre or greater.  Community services must be accessible to pedestrians and not blocked by rail lines or highways.

Although the wording varies on whether the residential areas in the 1/2 mile radius should merely be zoned to allow 10 or more residential units per acre or if there must be housing built at that density, this project location clearly meets the requirements for Option 2 - Community Connectivity with 18 of 10 the required community services listed. There are 22 types community services listed by the USGBC and only 10 are required to meet the minimum. There are many more services near the project site than the 18 appear on the diagram above.

The Community Services are:

1. Banks
2. Places of Worship
3. Convenience Grocers
4. Day Care
5. Cleaners
6. Fire Stations
7. Beauty
8. Hardware
9. Laundry
10. Library
11. Medical/Dental
12. Senior Care Facility
13. Park
14. Pharmacy
15. Post Office
16. Restaurant (maximum 2 may be counted)
17. School
18. Supermarket
19. Commercial Office
20. Community Center
21. Fitness Center
22. Museum

Sustainable Sites Credit 1

Site Selection

Among other criteria, to earn a point under Credit 1: Site Selection, the site must be previously developed or at least 5 feet above the 100-year flood line as documented by FEMA, the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

The FIRM, Flood Insurance Rate Map, above shows the 100-year flood elevations around the project site. This map is hosted on FEMA's website. GIS, Geographic Information Systems format files, are available on FEMA's website and are called DFIRMs, Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps.

The USGS, United States Geologic Survey, map above was used to determine elevations of contour lines near the site before we were able to view the GIS files with labeled contour lines.

The GIS map at the top of this post was generated from GIS files posted on tnris at 

http://www.tnris.state.tx.us/StratMap.aspx

and has the contour lines labeled in a clear manor that is easier to read the USGS maps.Do not develop buildings, hardscape, roads or parking areas on portions of sites that meet any one of the following criteria:

(No area on this property falls into to any of the categories listed below.)

A) - Prime farmland as defined by the United States Department of Agriculture in the United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 7, Volume 6, Parts 400 to 699, Section 657.5 (citation 7CFR657.5)

http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html
http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=6cfc353dabdeb9236447dadcaf843784&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title07/7cfr657_main_02.tpl
http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=6cfc353dabdeb9236447dadcaf843784&rgn=div8&view=text&node=7:6.1.3.6.27.1.13.5&idno=7
It is easier to simply state that the site was previously developed than discussing the average grading and permeability of the soil. This was not prime farmland or farmland of any kind when purchased.

B) - Previously undeveloped land whose elevation is lower than 5 feet above the elevation of the 100-year flood as defined by FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency)

(this land was previously developed, however it is not clear whether the property is more than 5' above the elevation of the 100-year flood. The FIRM above designates the site as being in Zone X. Zone X is described as being in the 500-year flood zone and Areas of 500-year flood; areas of 100-year flood with average depths of less than 1 foot or with drainage areas less than 1 square mile and areas protected by levees from 100-year flood.)

The FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) FIRM (Flood Insurance Rate Map) above shows the closest near-by 100-year flood elevation at 409' in marked Zone AE. There is also a 100-year flood that is listed as 'contained in channel' marked as Zone A to the south-east. Further away to the south-west there is a 100-year flood elevation of 416' in a Zone AE.

The 7.5 Minute USGS (United States Geological Survey) map above shows the contour lines and spot elevations near our site. This information is missing from the FEMA FIRM at the top of this post. Although the FEMA FIRM shows the 100 year flood, it does not show the contours and elevations that would allow us to determine the elevation of our property in relationship to the 100-year flood line. That's reason for the two maps.

C) - Land that is specifically identified as habitat for any species on Federal or State threatened or endangered lists

(need to find listing for endangered species)

D) -Within 100 feet of any wetlands as defined by the United States Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR, Parts 230-233 and Part 22, and isolated wetlands or areas of special concern identified by the state or local rule, OR within setback distances from wetlands setback distances from wetlands prescribed in state or local regulations, as defined by local or state rule or law, whichever is more stringent

(The nearest water is more than 2100' away)

E) - Previously undeveloped land that is within 50 feet of water body, defined as seas, lakes, rivers, rivers, streams and tributaries which support or could support fish, recreation or industrial use, consistent with the terminology of the Clean Water Act

(This property was previously developed and demolished in the 1980s)

F) -Land which prior to acquisition for the project was public parkland, unless land of equal or greater value as parkland is accepted in trade by the public landowner (Park Authority projects are exempt)

(when purchased from Anne Marie Bristow, this was not parkland)

Sustainable Sites Prerequisite 1

Construction Activity Pollution Prevention

Building a sustainable building begins with the land selected for the project. As you will see with other LEED categories there are prerequisites that must be met or no LEED certification will be possible.

The Sustainable Sites Prerequiste for LEED New Construction 2.2 is Construction Activity Pollution Prevention. This focuses on preventing preventing topsoil on the construction site from polluting the air or local rivers, streams and watersheds. Fabric fences made of geotech material and seeding the soil are two common strategies for the prevention of dust and sedimentation from topsoil. Topsoil can also be collected and stored for re-use.

Meeting the prerequisite is non-negotiable and no points are awarded.

14 points are available for Sustainable Sites, under LEED NC 2.2.

Each item below, if met, is awarded one point, except the prerequisite.

SS Prereq 1  Construction Activity Pollution Prevention

SS Credit 1 Site Selection

SS Credit 2 Development Density & Community Connectivity

SS Credit 3 Brownfield Redevelopment

SS Credit 4.1 Alternative Transportation, Public Transportation Access

SS Credit 4.2 Alternative Transportation, Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms

SS Credit 4.3 Alternative Transportation, Low Emitting & Fuel Efficient Vehicles

SS Credit 4.4 Alternative Transportation, Parking Capacity

SS Credit 5.1 Site Development, Protect or Restore Habitat

SS Credit 5.2 Site Development, Maximize Open Space

SS Credit 6.1 Stormwater Design, Quantity Control

SS Credit 6.2 Stormwater Design, Quality Control

SS Credit 7.1 Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof

SS Credit 7.2 Heat Island Effect, Roof

SS Credit 8 Light Pollution

LEED and the USGBC

First, a little about LEED and the USGBC. LEED stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. There's more than one green building rating organization, but the US Green Building Council (USGBC) is the most recognized. Forward-thinking cities across the country are requiring new buildings to Meet LEED standards for building performance. Dallas is one such city requiring LEED performance from new buildings.

Check out the USGBC North Texas Chapter at http://www.usgbcnorthtexas.org  to learn more about LEED projects in the Dallas area.

Here is a partial list of Dallas LEED 'registered' buildings. I think this means projects under construction or not yet certified.

Dallas, TX
Azure Tower
City of Dallas Fire Station 40
City of Dallas Northwest Service Center
Dallas Public Library - Lockwood Branch
Dallas Public Library - West Love Field Branch
Dallas South Central Police Station
Hampton/Illinois Branch Library
McCommas ECO Training Center
The da Vinci School Relocation
The Senior Source
Timberglen Branch Library
Walnut Hill Branch Library

The following statements appear on the USGBC website: 

"The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System is a voluntary, consensus-based national rating system for developing high-performance, sustainable buildings. LEED addresses all building types and emphasizes state-of-the-art strategies in five areas: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials and resources selection, and indoor environmental quality."

"The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit membership organization with a vision of a sustainable built environment within a generation. Its membership includes corporations, builders, universities, government agencies, and other nonprofit organizations. USGBC is dedicated to expanding green building practices and education, and its LEED® (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Green Building Rating System™."

There are a few common misconceptions about USGBC.

People often think that the USGBC is part of the US federal government. It's not, the USGBC is a privately run non-profit that is a positive, independent and objective rating organization for sustainable and high performance buildings. I know I thought the USGBC was a government organization. I guess having US in their name makes them sound official and like part of the government. 

The second common mistake that people unfamiliar with LEED and the USGBC often make is to say that people are LEED certified, they're not certified. Buildings are certified and people are accredited. Just remember that if someone is 'certifiable' that would mean that they're insane and you probably don't want to be working with them. 

The third misconception and perhaps the most important distinction I'll make here, is that having a USBC logo on a product does not mean that product meets any performance standards at all, if a USGBC logo appears on a product it simply means that the manufacturer is a sponsor of the USBC. If you are trying to select a material you should consult an independent third party product rating organization like BuildingGreen.com 

The last mistake people often make is to add an 'S' after LEED and say 'LEEDS', but Leads is a place in the United Kingdom and LEED stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design.

There are four ratings that buildings can achieve. In order of increasing performance, the ratings are, LEED Standard, LEED Silver, LEED Gold and LEED Platinum. The more points, the higher the building rating. Like any truly 'green' building, the sustainable buildings that are LEED certified are not sustainable simply because they use a wind turbine or solar panels, they are sustainable because they employ a variety of strategies, starting with the selection of the building site. Please see our next post about sustainable sites to read more about this sustainable development in Fair Park.

Site Survey

As part of the closing arrangement, the site was surveyed by a civil engineer before the property was purchased. On Saturday Raymond and Mike helped me mark the approximate corners of the parcel and located a mature tree with a 50' crown on our site plan. We are looking for ways to accommodate the tree and avoid removing it.

Here's Raymond and Mike on the site.

Document Research

In order to document previous development on the site for LEED points, Mike and I searched the documents on file in the Building Department. We found permit drawings for the residential building that was on the site before it was demolished in 1989.

Here Mike is next to the microfiche printer. Aaron helped us located the files for the abutting properties. All of the staff were very helpful. All in all it was a very productive day.

Dallas Inspectional Services

Working on this LEED Urban-Infill project in the Fair Park area of Dallas is interesting and challenging. We have a 35,000 SF property that we are developing as a multifamily residential complex that will meet LEED requirements for New Construction.

We are working with the City of Dallas to select alternative materials to asphalt or concrete for paving. It's better if water can percolate into the soil and water table instead of running off the site and into a storm sewer.

On Friday, Mike and I visited the Dallas Inspectional Services. Here he is pointing out the offices we visited.